Motive-fluid-operated tool.



` Patent H. H. VAUGHAN & C. H. JOHNSON. MOTIVE FLUID UPERATED TOOL.

(Application led Feb. 23, 1900.)

No. 685,358. ed Dot (Nq Model.)

III/III E M l UNITED STATI-3s PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY H. VAUGHAN, OFVCHICAGO, AND CHARLES HARRIS JOHNSON, OF CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNORS TO THE JOHNSON, PARFITT TOOL COMPANY,V OF SPRINGFI ILLINOIS.

ELD, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF MOvTlVE-FLUlD-OPERATED TOOL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of LettersPatent No. 685,358, dated October 29, 1901. Application filed February 23, 1900. Serial No. 6,255. (No model.)

y To all whom t may concern:

I vention.

One of the objects of our present invention is to overcome the difficulty heretofore eX- perienced in the production of tight rivets where very thick plates are to be riveted together.

We have found when using a motive-fluidoperated hammer in conjunction with a holdon, as commonly constructed and operated for riveting plates, that in the case of very thick plates unless the hold-on or anvil is` inconveniently heavy theresistance to the movement of the plates is so great that the rivet is driven partiallythrough the plates and loosened in its hole instead of being progressively tightened as the riveting operation proceeds. To overcome said objection, we have devised a riveting-machine wherein are combined two motive-fluid-operated hammers arranged in the same plane and adapted to operate simultaneously upo'nftheV opposite Y ends of the same rivet and an interposed platecloser, and such a construction' embodies the main feature of our invention.

A second object which we have in view is to materially reduce the pressure of the motive fluidv upon the hammer-cylinder, ,whereby the same is advanced toits work by motive-huid pressure, and thus in a great measure relieve the-strain upon the hammer support, (or y0ke,) thereby enabling the use of much lighter and more convenient yokes or supports for riveting-machines of this class.

Heretofore in the use of large-sized rivetingpear.

hammers of this class, said hammers longitudinally movable in a fixed casing and caused to advance by the operative iiuid, the hammercylinder has necessarily been large, andthe area of the end of the ham mer-cylinder acted on by the motive fluid has been so great as not only-to impose a great strain or load on the support of the hammer, but also to demand a correspondingly heavy hold-on and a ram therefor of large cross-sectional area to sustain the plates and rivet against the thrust of the hammer-cylinder. To overcome said objections, we reduce the area of that end of the hammer-cylinder upon which the motive fluid operates to advance the hammer-cylinder, whereby a comparatively light yoke or 5' tion with reference to the drawing, so asto enable others to apply the same.

In the drawing, A indicates a yoke or other suitable support, to the opposite arms of which and in line with each other are secured pneumatic or equivalent motive-iiuid-operated hammers B and C.

-f vD indicates the motive-iiuid-supply pipe,

provided with its valve D and divided into two branches E and F, the one,'E, leading to the pneumatic hammer B and provided with a 'suitable valve E for controlling the admission 'of motive iiuid to said hammer, and the other-branch F leading to the pneumatic hammer C and provided with a suitable valve F' fora like purpose.

"It will be noted first that one of the hammers (for the purposes of this'description we vwill say B) occupies the position hitherto held by what is termed a -holdon,and therefore has all the functions of a hold-0n by reason of the fact that the hammer-cylinder has a longitudinal movement in its fixed casing,

like the ram of the hold-on; but it hasother and further functions, as will hereinafter ap- It will also be noted that the general construction of the pneumatic hammers B and C is the same, though diiferingin certain features for special purposes, which will also hereinafter appear. For the sake of brevity, therefore, we will first describe the construction so far as it is common to both hammers, using for that purpose the same symbols to designate like parts in each, and thereafter the special features belonging to the respective hammers.

l indicates a hammer-easing secured to the arm of yoke A or other suitable support and in line with a corresponding casing secured to the opposite arm of the yoke, the two casings being in the same plane. Longitudinally movable within said fixed casing l is the hammer-cylinder 2, having on its exterior a shoulder 2, forming an annular chamber 2b, which communicates with the motive-fluid supply, also provided with ports 2, communicating with the interior of said hammercylinder, and with an exhaust-chamber 2d and exhaust-ports 2, leading therefrom. The forward end of the hammer-cylinder 2 has a bore for the reception of the snap or rivet die 3 or equivalent tool, which is to receive the blow of the piston or hammer 4. The outer end of` hammer-cylinder when the motive-fluid pres sure thereon is withdrawn.

Vithin the ham mer-cylinder 2 is the piston or hammer 4, having on its exterior the annular shoulder 4 and provided with the central passage 4 and the ports or passages 4c, extending therefrom through the side walls of the piston or hammer. These ports or passages 4 are alternately induction and eduction ports, according to the position of the piston 4 within the hammer-cylinder 2 and the relation of said ports to the ports 2c and 2c of said hammer-cylinder. l

It will be noted that the cross-sectional area of the pneumatic hammer B, which occupies the position former] y occu pied by the hold-on, is considerably less than the cross-sectional area of the other pneu matic hammer C or that which operates to form the head on the rivet, (rivet the plates,) and it will also be noted that the fixed cylinder of the hammer C is provided with a projecting plate-closer not found on the casing of the hammer B. The hammer B for the present purposes being considered simply as a hold-on, it follows that if the motive-fluid pressure be admitted back of both cylinders 2 the rivet would have a tendency to be pushed back in the plates and with the plates be pushed away from the platecloser. In order that the hold-on cylinder shall press the head of the rivet against the plates and the plates against the plate-closer, it is necessary that the hammer B press forward with greater force than the hammer C. To overcome this difficulty, the motive-fluid pressure is reduced or limited on the hammercylinder 2 of hammer C (see right hand of are closed by caps, and

drawing) by the following means. In the construction shown in the hammer C the fixed casing l is closed by means of a screw-cap 5, having a flange 5, which extends inward for a considerable distance and is provided with an air-port 5", while the hammer-cylinder 2 is closed by a screw-cap 6, having on its exterior a shoulder 6 and an extended annular flange (5, which fits snugly within the flange 5, S0 as to form an annular chamber 6c, which communicates with annular chamber 2", thusrreducing and limiting the pressure of the motive fluid which advances the hammer-cylinder to the area of the exposed annular shoulder (W. By reducing the diameter of the al1- nular flange 6b of cap 6 and the inner diameter of the flange 5 of cap 5 the shoulder 6 may be correspondingly widened and the pressure which advances the hammer-cylinder correspondingly increased to any extent desired less than the pressure upon the head of the hold-on or hammercylinder of B.

The fixed casing l of pneumatic hammer C po,/-/"

are forced by the pressure of the snap or die 3 of the opposite hammer B in manner similar to the usual hold-on.

In the case of the fixed cylinder' 1 and hammer-cylinder2 of pneumaticl1ammerl3,(which occupies the place of the usual hold-on and in which it is desired to retain the full pressure of the motive fluid on the entire area of the outerend of the hammer-eylinder2,) said cylinder and case are closed by means of screwcaps 8 and 9 in the usual manner, excepting that in order to prevent the rotation of said caps when screwed home each cap 8 and 9 will be provided with a spring-projected bolt Si, carried in a radially-arranged pocket in the cap and provided with a pin 9 or equivalent means for retracting the bolt while the cap is being applied and with a bolt-hole 9b in the hammer-cylinder, which receives the end of the bolt when released, and thus pre vents the accidental displacement of screwcaps 8 and 9 when the device is in operation.

The construction being substantially such as hereinbefore pointed out, the devices will operate as follows: The hammer-cylinder l and the snap or die 3 of both hammers B and C being withdrawn into their respective support cylinders or casings l, the plates to be riveted and having a properly-heated rivet inserted in the rivet-hole are placed in contact with the plate-closer 7 of hammer Cwith the rivet projecting into the plate-holder in line with the rivet snap or die 3 of hammer C. The valves D and E are then opened by the operator and the motive fluid admitted to the pneumatic hammer B, whereon it first acts on the head of the hammer-cylinder, (or on cap 9,) causing the hammer-cylinder carrying the snap or die to advance until the snap or die bears on the formed head of the rivet and (as in case of a hold-on) forces the plates against the plate-holder 7, after which IOO IIO

` sequently valve F is opened to admit the of pneumatic hammer C being limited lto the area of the shoulder 6a will be so much less than that exerted on the hammer-cylinder of pneumatic hammer B (or the hold-on) that the plates to be riveted will be held in irm contact with each other and withthe platecloser 7, while the full blow of the larger hammer, which is effective to form the rivet-head, being unaided by heavy direct pressure on its hammercylinder, (as heretofore,) will not suffice to drive back and loosen the rivet in its hole, and in addition thereto the simultaneous operation of hammer B on the opposite end of the rivet will insure perfect riveting and tight joints in riveting the very thickest plates. C Si Having thus described our invention, what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. In a riveting-machine, the combination of two alined motive-fluid-operated hammers arranged to operate upon the opposite ends of an interposed rivet and a plate-closer, substantially as and for the purposes specilied.

2. In a riveting-machine, the combination of two alined motive-iuid-operated hammers, a suitable casing for each of said hammers in which said hammers are longitudinally movable, and means for the admission of motive fluid to said hammers and casing, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. In a riveting-machine, the combination of two alined hammer-casings one of said casings having a plate-closer, two motive-huidoperated hammers each of said hammers longitudinally movable in its respective casing, and means for the admission of motive fluid to said casings and hammers, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

4. In a riveter the combination with a hammer-casing, of a hammer-cylinder longitudinally movable therein and provided at its head with an extension of less diameter than the hammer-cylinder, and a chamber on the interior of the casing-head for receiving the extension on the hammer-head, substantially asand for the purposes specified.

A5. In a riveting-machine, the combination of two alined motive-iiuid-operated hammers arranged to operate on the opposite ends of an interposed rivet, one of said hammers being provided with a plate-closer, and means for clamping the rivet and its containing plates against the plate-closer, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

6. In a riveting-machine, the combination of two alined motive-fluid-operated hammers, Y 

